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Global Concepts (Part 1)
Toyota HV-M4
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The HV-M4 is a minivan-type concept vehicle representing Toyota's second-generation hybrid technology. It also hints at the shape and configuration of a new minivan destined for the Japanese market to replace the current Estima (Previa). The internal-combustion engine version of the new minivan will adopt a conventional transverse-powertrain, front-wheel-drive configuration. The HV-M4's suffix indicates that it employs a motorized four-wheel-drive system. Its drivetrain comprises a new inline four-cylinder engine having dual overhead camshafts, 16 valves, and 2.3-L displacement. In addition, there are two electric motors/generators, one each for front and rear drive; front planetary gear and clutch torque split/transfer; front CVT; an inverter/controller; and a nickel/metal-hydride battery pack. The engine works on the Atkinson/Miller-cycle high-expansion principle with late intake-valve-closing timing. The total hybrid system is called THS-C, and uses the engine and motors individually or together to ensure optimum powertrain efficiency and vehicle stability. The system can generate up to 1.5-kW (2.0-hp) electricity, providing an onboard charge capability to any electrically driven or assisted vehicle, including a wheelchair or bicycle. The nickel/metal-hydride battery is a new space- and mass-saver cubic type that is 40% smaller than a comparable cylindrical type
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